Level1
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Conceptual Domain
(learning, abstract thinking, planning, flexibility, memory, strategizing, academic skills)
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Social Domain
(language, communication, social skills)
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Practical Domain
(personal care, employment, health care and legal, recreation, transportation, shopping, money management)
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Mild
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- There may be no obvious conceptual difference in early childhood
- Difficulties learning academic skills
- Impaired executive functioning, abstract thinking, short term memory
- Concrete approach to problem solving
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- Immature in social interactions
- Communication, conversation, and language are concrete
- Difficulty regulating emotions and behavior
- Impaired social judgment and limited understanding of social risks
- Develops friendships and romantic relations in adulthood
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- May function independently in personal care
- Need support in complex daily living tasks
- May live semi-independently with support in money management, transportation, organization of household tasks.
- Competitive or supported employment.
- Support needed for health care decisions and childcare
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Moderate
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- Throughout development, conceptual skills behind those of peers
- Academic skills develop slowly and limited compared to peers
- Adult academic skills at elementary level
- Support needed for conceptual tasks of day-to-day life
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- Marked difference from peers in social and communicative behavior across development
- Spoken language used, but much less complex than peers
- Capacity for successful friendships and romantic relations in adulthood
- Social judgment and decision making are limited
- Significant social and communicative support needed in work settings
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- Can learn to care for personal needs but may need extended period of teaching
- May need reminders, schedules life-long
- Employment with considerable support to manage social expectations and job complexities
- Require support for scheduling, transportation, health issues, and money management
- Typically require additional support and learning opportunities over extended period of time
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Severe
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- Attainment of conceptual skills is limited
- Little understanding of written language or math/money concepts
- Need extensive support for problem solving throughout life
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- Spoken language is limited
- Speech may be single words and phrases
- Language is focused on here and now
- Relationships with family and familiar others are a source of comfort and help
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- Requires support for all activities of daily living
- Needs significant support in making decisions about well-being of self or others.
- Long-term teaching and support required for participation in home, recreation, and work.
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Profound
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- Conceptual skills generally involve physical world rather than symbolic processes
- May use objects is goal-directed way
- Visual spatial skills such as sorting and matching may be acquired
- Co-occurring motor and sensory impairments may also affect ability to use objects in s functional way
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- Limited understanding of symbolic communication
- May understand simple instructions and gestures
- Expresses desires through nonverbal, non- symbolic communication.
- Enjoys relationships with well-known family members and familiar others
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- Dependent on others for all aspects of daily physical care, health, and safety
- May assist with simple work tasks at home
- Simple actions with objects may be basis of involvement in vocational activities
- Recreational and leisure often involve sensory activities – music, walks outside, water activities – with support from others.
- Co-occurring motor and sensory impairments may be barriers to participation
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